You pay these taxes as long as you have taxable income (either wages or business income). If you’re self-employed, you’re responsible for paying the whole amount. If you work for an employer, they pay half of these taxes and you pay the other half. If you earn more than $200,000 in a year, you’re subject to an additional 0.9% of your wages. They’re not adjusted annually by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) like the other costs.Ĭurrently, Medicare payroll taxes are set to 2.9% of your gross wages. Part A is mostly pre-funded through FICA (payroll taxes). That’s because most people pay for Part A through payroll tax deductions during their working career. Which Medicare Costs Stay The Same?įor most people, how much they pay for Medicare Part A (hospital insurance) stays the same each year. Not every cost for Medicare changes each year, though. In this guide, we’ll look at the 2023 amounts for these items. Specifically, these items change from year to year: Most cost aspects of Medicare change each year it’s how the system was designed. Learn about the impact on 2023 Medicare costs for Part A, B, C & D, and Medicare Supplement insurance. 2023 costs rose along with overall inflation. Keeping up to date on these changes will help you make a plan for your health care, and enable you to live the kind of retirement you planned on.
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Moonless, overcast night sky ( starlight) Here are some examples of the illuminance provided under various conditions: Thus, lighting a larger area to the same illuminance (lux) requires a greater luminous flux (lumen).Īs with other named SI units, SI prefixes can be used. To light a factory floor with dozens of times the area of the kitchen would require dozens of such fixtures. However, the same 1000 lumens spread out over 10 square metres produces a dimmer illuminance of only 100 lux.Īchieving an illuminance of 500 lx might be possible in a home kitchen with a single fluorescent light fixture with an output of 12 000 lumens. One lux is equal to one lumen per square metre:Ī flux of 1000 lumens, spread uniformly over an area of 1 square metre, lights up that square metre with an illuminance of 1000 lux. A given amount of light will illuminate a surface more dimly if it is spread over a larger area, so illuminance is inversely proportional to area when the luminous flux is held constant. One can think of luminous flux (with the unit lumen) as a measure of the total "amount" of visible light present, and the illuminance as a measure of the intensity of illumination on a surface. Illuminance is a measure of how much luminous flux is spread over a given area. The word is derived from the Latin word for "light", lux.Įxplanation Illuminance In English, "lux" is used as both the singular and plural form. It is analogous to the radiometric unit watt per square metre, but with the power at each wavelength weighted according to the luminosity function, a model of human visual brightness perception, standardized by the CIE and ISO. In photometry, this is used as a measure of the intensity, as perceived by the human eye, of light that hits or passes through a surface. It is equal to one lumen per square metre. the number of particles in a unit distance and the distance in those units.The lux (symbol: lx) is the unit of illuminance, or luminous flux per unit area, in the International System of Units (SI). The fraction of light extinguished by the sample may be described by the extinction cross section (fraction extinguished per particle). For example, if the sample is described by mass concentration (g/L) and length (cm), then the units on the absorptivity would be, so that the absorbance has no units.įor the case of " extinction" (Bouguer), the sum of absorption and scatter, the terms absorption, scattering, and extinction cross-sections are often used. The units of the absorptivity must match the units in which the sample is described. Lambert began by assuming that the intensity I of light traveling into an absorbing body would be given by the differential equation: − d I = μ I d x, ] has the area in both the numerator and denominator, the beam area cancels in the calculation of the absorbance. Lambert expressed the law, which states that the loss of light intensity when it propagates in a medium is directly proportional to intensity and path length, in the mathematical form used today. It is often attributed to Johann Heinrich Lambert, who cited Bouguer's Essai d'optique sur la gradation de la lumière (Claude Jombert, Paris, 1729) – and even quoted from it – in his Photometria in 1760. In mathematical physics, this law arises as a solution of the BGK equation.īouguer-Lambert law: This law is based on observations made by Pierre Bouguer before 1729. The extinction law is also used in understanding attenuation in physical optics, for photons, neutrons, or rarefied gases. The fundamental law of extinction (the process is linear in the intensity of radiation and amount of radiatively active matter, provided that the physical state is held constant) is sometimes called the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert law or the Bouguer-Beer-Lambert law or merely the extinction law. It had its first use in astronomical extinction. In physics, the Bouguer–Lambert law is an empirical law which relates the extinction or attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling. The Beer-Lambert law is commonly applied to chemical analysis measurements to determine the concentration of chemical species that absorb light. JSTOR ( February 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. Just click it again to return to puzzle number form. Click the pencil in the right bottom corner to turn the numbers into notes. As the game progesses, you may want to use notes. Download Your Free Printable Sudoku Puzzles Here: 1) Easy Printable Sudoku Puzzles. To highlight numbers, click a number that has aready been placed inside the sudoku puzzle. The answers to all the easy Sudoku puzzles on this page can be found in the PDF linked through the button below. They have hundreds of free printable Sudoku puzzles in Easy, Medium, and Hard categories. Puzzles.ca is a website with a variety of free online and printable puzzles and games. If not, the number will return to the outside and time will be added to your overall sudoku game time. Get hundreds of free printable Sudoku puzzles. Expert sudoku level is suitable for professionals, who possess an excellent knowledge of game. If the number is correct, the sudoku tile will slide into its correct slot. Play daily advanced web sudoku puzzles online on. To play 24/7 Sudoku, employ the basic object of the game by clicking an open space and either typing the number that belongs, or selecting it from the numbers on the side of the sudoku board. Every row, column, and 3x3 box in the sudoku board must contain the digits 1 through 9 only once! As the difficulty progresses, the sudoku game becomes harder, and you'll have to employ more advanced and strategic logic to solve the puzzles. The sudoku board is broken down into nine 3x3 squares. Find Sudoku Solutions Quickly and Easily. Simple eh Of course not Sometimes it is easy but often it can be fiendishly difficult. Sudoku is a brain challenging number game, played on a 9x9 sudoku board. Improve your own Sudoku skills and have fun solving puzzles on your own more efficiently. Welcome to 24/7 Sudoku - the best in free, online sudoku games! 24/7 Sudoku offers all the difficulties a beginner or seasoned sudoku player will enjoy! This free sudoku website features hundreds of Easy Sudoku puzzles, Medium Sudoku puzzles, Hard Sudoku puzzles, and Expert Sudoku puzzles! 24/7 Sudoku is sure to keep you playing this great sudoku game all day, every day! Keep them separate in order for your dog to respond to them separately. So when training the new cues, wait a second or two in between the known and new prompts. What happens then is they learn the words you keep saying to them have no meaning and it all becomes background noise. For dogs, that will always be the physical prompt. If you give them simultaneously your dog won’t be able to separate them and will focus on the more salient, or obvious prompt. One of the most common mistakes people make when teaching hand signals is that they will give the verbal and visual cues together. So you can start training with hand signal non-verbal cues to puppies as well as your adult dogs! This will help to proof behaviors.ĭogs can learn these body cues at any age. As behavior becomes more fluent, you will want to practice with your dogs in a variety of situations, including stimulating situations, like outside or at the park. Training without distractions is key in the beginning. Keep training sessions short and fun to accommodate our furry friend’s short attention span. Important: the training process for new skills should always begin in a distraction-free environment. Is the treat visible? Is the dog’s nose busily sniffing to see if there is a treat? If so it will be better to keep the lure until you notice the dog responding faster. Does the dog respond? If not, try luring again and take note to make sure your hand looks exactly the same. Then you want to start trying repetitions without the treat in your hand. The trick here is to hide the treat with your fingers in your hand so it does not become a visual part of the cue. Hold the treat in your hand while luring for the behavior that you would like. When you are teaching a new behavior cue with your furry friend’s favorite treats as a lure, Then you can turn that lure right into a hand signal. When this happens you will now have two ways to ask your dog for a behavior: both a visual and a verbal cue. You should start to pause for longer periods of time to give the dog a chance to start responding before you give the verbal cue. With enough repetition, your dog will start to see your physical gesture as a predictor that the verbal cue is coming. First, perform the new visual signal, then follow up with the known verbal cue. If your dog already responds to an auditory cue for basic obedience behaviors, the training process for teaching hand signals is easy! And because dogs respond more reliably to body language, teaching hand signals can actually help you build a better response to your verbal cues.Īnytime you want to build a new prompt for a behavior, you can use the same training process. Training Hand Signals for New Behaviors How to Add Hand Signals to Already-Trained Behaviors Research shows that hand signals are much easier for dogs to understand when given by different people. Dogs may get confused by different intonations, accents or even tones of voice. If another person is with your dog, they can also use your dog’s visual signals with more reliability than with an auditory dog cue. And if your dog loses their hearing as they get older you will still have a way to communicate with them. It can also be easier for your dog to read gestures during times they are a distance away from you. It is much easier for a dog to focus on their handler’s body positioning amongst these types of distractions. In addition, hand signals are useful in a noisy environment. It was found that the hand-only cues reached up to 99% reliability while voice cues only reached 82% reliability. One study looked at a group of dogs that had been taught standard cues with both visual and auditory signals. Because of this, dogs will usually respond more reliably to visual prompts, and will have a tougher time with verbal cues. The most obvious reason visual signals work so well is that dogs are themselves body language communicators, and readily read body cues. Despite the skepticism of senior Allied commanders, the OSA parachutes Blazkowicz into the Harz mountains of Germany, close to Castle Wolfenstein itself. Parts: Bramburg Dam, Paderborn Village, Chateau Schufstaffel, Unhallowed Ground.Īfter studying the documents captured by Blazkowicz, the OSA has become aware of a scheme codenamed "Operation: Resurrection", a plan to resurrect Heinrich I. After this on March 15, 1943, Blazkowicz and Agent One were sent to follow her to Castle Wolfenstein, but were shot down by the Luftwaffe along the way and captured by the Germans. They tracked Helga to an ancient tomb filled with the undead, but both the agents and the Germans escaped, including Helga. Blazkowicz to capture Helga von Bulow, a high ranking member of the SS Paranormal Division. Meanwhile, the Allied intelligence office got word of this and sent British Agent One and US Army Captain B.J. Himmler then founded an SS Paranormal Division and sent them to Northern Egypt in secret and hoped that they would find some ancient tablets. Heinrich Himmler believed that if he could bring Heinrich back to life, he could win the war for Nazi Germany. The Chief of the Nazi SS, Heinrich Himmler, had been researching possible ways to win the war through science and black magic and read a few stories about the German prince Heinrich I and his Dark Knights, becoming interested in them, especially since they were so powerful. There was no one who could stand in his way - until a monk stopped Heinrich by sealing him in a deep underground tomb.Ī thousand years later, in 1943 AD, the Second World War had started to go bad for Nazi Germany due to their defeats on the Eastern Front and in North Africa. In 943 AD, a German prince known as Heinrich dominated Western Europe with his army of undead and Dark Knights created by black magic. 9 Operation Resurrection and Tides of War. Whereas a yearly report is used for deducting expenses on tax returns. Monthly and quarterly reports keep a track of all business spending your company has made within that period.
We all love to customize our iPhone or iPad and stand out from the crowd. Think of hi-end black cars or fashion brands. The look and feel of these app icons aesthetic with the photo are really hi-end, clean and classy. These aesthetic icons for apps work really well on a variety of screen wallpapers so play around with your photo library to make it more personal. Use the Calm icon pack available with black icons theme with a black and white background photo to get this desired effect. So why not give them a try and take your device's look to the next level? How do I customize my iPhone icons aesthetic? Adding aesthetic app icons is an easy and fun way to express yourself and show off your individual style. With so many options available, you can easily find something that suits your style! Whether you want to add some pastel shades, cute icons, solid colors or even anime-inspired designs, these app icons can help give your device a unique and stylish look. With so many options available, you'll be sure to find something that suits your tastes! So why not give aesthetic app icons a try and take your device's look to the next level? Benefits of Aesthetic App IconsĪesthetic App Icons are the perfect way to customize your iPhone or iPad and make it stand out from the crowd. They're an easy and fun way to personalize your home screen and show off your individual style. Whether you want to add some pastel shades, cute icons, solid colors or even anime-inspired designs, these app icons can help make your device stand out from the crowd. How do you make icons invisible on iPhone for achieving a cleaner app aesthetic?Īesthetic App Icons are the perfect way to give your iPhone or iPad a creative and stylish makeover.How do I change the color of my apps icons aesthetic?.
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Find a Trusted Source : Start by searching for a trusted source to download GB Whatsapp Pro.Which could also indicate that the modders could have included some features of their own to help them gain benefits, maybe in the form of adware or malware or ways your privacy could be compromised.Īdditionally, WhatsApp doesn't permit use of such mods and users accounts could also result in a ban if their device was found to use third-party mods. GBWhatsApp Pro enhances your WhatsApp user experience WhatsApp, the most used messaging and chat app in the. Not only is the app not coming from a trusted source, but it also has been modded to enable additional features. Download GBWhatsApp Pro APK to get hold of the latest version of one of the best WhatsApp MODs that stands out for its graphical themes and wallpapers. 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Some modded versions come with the option of extending the WhatsApp message broadcast limit from 250 users all the way to a whopping 600 users.Īlso Read: WhatsApp Multi-Device Feature Will Work On Up To Four Devices At OnceĪnother feature that’s being touted on these modded WhatsApp versions is the ability to auto-reply to individual messages. Download GBWhatsApp APK 2024 latest version. The modded version of the popular messaging app allows an array of features such as the ability to read receipts of specific contacts, and allows the ability to have larger group names. What features GB WhatsApp brings to the table? It also has the same end-to-end encryption as WhatsApp making your chats safe. What features GB WhatsApp brings to the table? GBWhatsapp, also known as GBWA is the same as Whatsapp, which you can use to chat and call with your family and friends along with additional control over the app UI and some features. †The isolated mercury(I) ion exists only as the gaseous ion. Table 2.5 Common Cations of Metals That Form More Than One Ion Cation Instead, all compounds of mercury(I) contain a dimeric cation, Hg 2 2+, in which the two Hg atoms are bonded together. Note that the simple Hg + cation does not occur in chemical compounds. Some examples of metals that form more than one cation are in Table 2.5 "Common Cations of Metals That Form More Than One Ion" along with the names of the ions. For example, on the label of your dentist’s fluoride rinse, the compound chemists call tin(II) fluoride is usually listed as stannous fluoride. Even though this text uses the systematic names with roman numerals, you should be able to recognize these common names because they are still often used. The names of Fe 3+, Fe 2+, Sn 4+, and Sn 2+ are therefore ferric, ferrous, stannic, and stannous, respectively. The name of the cation with the higher charge is formed from the root of the element’s Latin name with the suffix - ic attached, and the name of the cation with the lower charge has the same root with the suffix - ous. Thus Cu + is copper(I) (read as “copper one”), Fe 2+ is iron(II), Fe 3+ is iron(III), Sn 2+ is tin(II), and Sn 4+ is tin(IV).Īn older system of nomenclature for such cations is still widely used, however. In such cases, the positive charge on the metal is indicated by a roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the name of the metal. This behavior is observed for most transition metals, many actinides, and the heaviest elements of groups 13–15. As shown in Figure 2.11 "Metals That Form More Than One Cation and Their Locations in the Periodic Table", many metals can form more than one cation. For example, Na + is the sodium ion, Ca 2+ is the calcium ion, and Al 3+ is the aluminum ion. The name of the cation of a metal that forms only one cation is the same as the name of the metal (with the word ion added if the cation is by itself). As noted in Section 2.1 "Chemical Compounds", these metals are usually in groups 1–3, 12, and 13. Place the ions in their proper order: cation and then anion. The procedure for naming such compounds is outlined in Figure 2.10 "Naming an Ionic Compound" and uses the following steps: We begin with binary ionic compounds, which contain only two elements. The objective of this and the next two sections is to teach you to write the formula for a simple inorganic compound from its name-and vice versa-and introduce you to some of the more frequently encountered common names. Unfortunately, some chemicals that are widely used in commerce and industry are still known almost exclusively by their common names in such cases, you must be familiar with the common name as well as the systematic one. In this text, we use a systematic nomenclature to assign meaningful names to the millions of known substances. For example, the systematic name for KNO 3 is potassium nitrate, but its common name is saltpeter. Like the names of most elements, the common names of chemical compounds generally have historical origins, although they often appear to be unrelated to the compounds of interest. Many compounds, particularly those that have been known for a relatively long time, have more than one name: a common name (sometimes more than one) and a systematic name, which is the name assigned by adhering to specific rules. In such cases, it is necessary for the compounds to have different names that distinguish among the possible arrangements. For example, saying “C-A-three-P-O-four-two” for Ca 3(PO 4) 2 is much more difficult than saying “calcium phosphate.” In addition, you will see in Section 2.4 "Naming Covalent Compounds" that many compounds have the same empirical and molecular formulas but different arrangements of atoms, which result in very different chemical and physical properties. First, they are inconvenient for routine verbal communication. The empirical and molecular formulas discussed in the preceding section are precise and highly informative, but they have some disadvantages. You can also use Bootcfg commands in a script or batch file to set boot options or to reset them after you replace or upgrade an operating system. You can use Bootcfg to add, delete, and change the values of all valid boot options however, you cannot set an indefinite time-out value. (The Bootcfg display is slightly different on systems that store boot options in EFI NVRAM, but the commands are the same.) Bootcfg is included in the %Systemroot%\System32 directory in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. Bootcfgīootcfg (bootcfg.exe) is a command-line tool that edits boot options on a local or remote computer Using the same Bootcfg commands and procedures, you can edit a Boot.ini file or the boot options in EFI NVRAM. For information about the Startup and Recovery dialog box, see Help and Support Center. Because this functionality is limited, it is not discussed in this section. In the System Properties dialog box, on the Advanced tab, select Settings under Startup and Recovery. You can also view and change some boot options in Control Panel under System. Both tools are included in the Windows XP 64-Bit Edition and the 64-bit version of Windows Server 2003. When he isn't working on a computer or DIY project, he is most likely to be found camping, backpacking, or canoeing.To edit boot options on computers with EFI NVRAM that are running Windows Server 2003 or earlier versions of NT-based Windows, use Bootcfg (bootcfg.exe), a tool that runs on Windows, or Nvrboot (nvrboot.efi), a tool that runs in the EFI environment. He has designed crossovers for homemade speakers all the way from the basic design to the PCB. He regularly repairs and repurposes old computers and hardware for whatever new project is at hand. He enjoys DIY projects, especially if they involve technology. He also uses Proxmox to self-host a variety of services, including a Jellyfin Media Server, an Airsonic music server, a handful of game servers, NextCloud, and two Windows virtual machines. He has been running video game servers from home for more than 10 years using Windows, Ubuntu, or Raspberry Pi OS. Nick's love of tinkering with computers extends beyond work. In college, Nick made extensive use of Fortran while pursuing a physics degree. Before How-To Geek, he used Python and C++ as a freelance programmer. He has been using computers for 20 years - tinkering with everything from the UI to the Windows registry to device firmware. Nick Lewis is a staff writer for How-To Geek. Check out our guide to uninstalling Windows 10 and downgrading to Windows 7 or 8.1 for more details. Go back to the previous version: Lets you uninstall Windows and downgrade back to the previous version you were using, as long as you've upgraded within the last 30 days.Startup Settings: Lets you access alternative startup modes and tools, like Safe Mode, Low-Resolution Video Mode, and boot logging.Command Prompt: Restarts your PC and loads a simple Command Prompt window for troubleshooting.Check out our guides on fixing startup problems with the Windows startup repair tool and on what to do when Windows won't boot for more information. Startup Repair: Launches Windows' integrated startup repair tool, which tries to automatically fix startup problems.Check out our guide on restoring system image backups in Windows for details. System Image Recovery: Lets you restore a backup image of your PC.Check out our guide to using System Restore for more information. System Restore: Launches the System Restore utility, which lets you fix certain types of crashes and errors by restoring your settings, drivers, and apps to a restore point that was created earlier.The "Advanced Options" menu provides a number of actions you can take to troubleshoot or repair your PC: |
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